While growing in containers can reduce your watermelon plants’ exposure to pests and disease, it’s still important to practice good management in order to prevent your plants from succumbing to either. However, watering less overall in the week leading up to harvest will concentrate sweetness and create better tasting fruits just don’t let your soil dry out completely. As harvest time approaches, be especially careful not to let the soil dry out completely.ĭry soil followed by intense irrigation can lead to cracked or watery tasting fruits. Empty your pot’s drainage tray elsewhere in the garden, or dispense with using a drainage tray entirely. Just make sure not to leave your pot in standing water, because this can cause root rot. Or, simply water until the soil is moistened throughout and water is freely running through the drainage holes. For example, add three gallons of water to a ten gallon container each time you water. Do your best to avoid getting the foliage wet as this promotes mildew.Ī good rule of thumb when watering is to add about a third as much water as there is soil in your container at each watering. Water the soil directly with a watering can or hose nozzle on a gentle setting. Adding a layer of mulch to your container will help retain moisture. Watermelon plants require constantly moist soil, so the soil should never dry out between waterings.ĭuring hot weather, this may mean watering in both the morning and the afternoon. It’s no secret that these juicy fruits need a lot of water, even more so when they are grown in containers. It’s far less work than growing your own starts, and since your plants will not suffer transplant shock, they’ll experience smoother growth and less stress.īefore planting starts or seeds, make sure that the danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures are at least 70℉. If your growing season is long enough, try direct sowing seeds. Transplants can give you an earlier harvest, and you won’t risk your seeds rotting in cold, wet soil or being eaten by pests. Growing your own starts is more work, but may be your only option if you live in an area with a short growing season. Buying starts is also more expensive than purchasing seeds. When buying starts, your variety choices will be limited to what you can find at your local garden store or farmers’ market, and you may not be able to find a variety suitable for container growing. Each option has its unique advantages and disadvantages. When planting watermelons in containers, you can direct sow seeds, grow your own starts, or buy starts.
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He claims, “the choice situations that are perceived as interesting in a structural sense provide only incomplete information…there are conflicting arguments for and against each choice that might have probabilities, but no certainties attached to them” (Domsch 115). In this chapter, Domsch also discusses the different types of choices games often present, and why only certain ones tend to be compelling. Choice-based narratives also tend to have player choices build on one another-so a misstep here and there may not completely change the course of the narrative. If a player makes a choice about dialogue-as is often the case in Oxenfree-that appears to have no immediate effect, it feels less impactful than one that has obvious consequences right away (although, this does not mean the choice will not have far-reaching effects later in the game). All of these questions and factors make up the anatomy of a player choice, and are often determiners in whether or not a choice is significant, especially that concerning the result of the choice. He also adds his own question: “What information does the player have about the effect of her choices?” (Domsch 113). Through analysis taken from Salen and Zimmerman, he poses five questions relating to choices in games: Later in this post, I will address how the choices presented in Oxenfree lead the titular characters past their initial stereotyped presentations, creating well-rounded and fully developed characters this is essential especially for the female characters, considering the historical tendency of representations of women in video games to be disappointingly flat and one-dimensional.īut first, choice: what exactly, in a video game, makes player choices significant? Or rather, what makes players believe their choices are significant, and does it matter if they really are or are not? In Narrating Futures: Storyplaying, Agency and Narrative in Video Games Sebastion Domsch focuses on choice and its relationship to narrative in the chapter “Choice and Narrative in Video Games”. Not only that, but the choices the player makes through Alex significantly influence the not-so-final outcome of the game. While you play as Alex, the choices you make through her interactions with the other characters shape who she is as a character, or rather who the player believes she is. There is no combat, no puzzle-solving, and the storyline is relatively linear Oxenfree is all about choices. Similar to other recent indie hits such as Gone Home, Dear Esther, and Firewatch, Oxenfree is a highly-stylized piece of interactive fiction experienced through the perspective of a young woman in this case, Alex. Released in 2015, Oxenfree is a narrative driven, interactive storytelling experience created by independent developer Night School Studios. The Importance of Choice and Strong Narrative in Oxenfree At the start of the game, each player is dealt 20 cards, and the trump suit is determined by having each player bid. Since each player's score is calculated separately, the game ends (after 5 hands) with usually just one winner. Each team must score no less than 20 points in both melds and tricks to avoid penalties. It's lots of fun and can be risky - you don't know who your partner is until after you've bid and named trump. The double deck and passing cards result in great hands, so the bidding can go high. The non-bidding team's meld and tricks are added to each of those 3 players' scores.įive-handed pinochle is probably my favorite version of pinochle. The bidding team's meld and tricks are weighed against their high bid, and the 2 players will lose the bid amount if they fall short, or add their meld and tricks to both players' scores if they meet or exceed the bid. Then everyone lays down meld and plays tricks. The high bidder and their partner exchange 4 cards. (In this app, the bidding team is blue, their opponents are yellow.) The other 3 players form a team to oppose them. The player whose 9 suit matches the bid winner's trump suit becomes the bid winner's partner for that hand. The objective of the game is to be the first team to score 150 or more points. In this app, you can tap a 9 yourself, or let the robots pick theirs first. Pinochle is a melding and trick taking game played with two teams of 2. It islike the name suggestsplayed by two people. In this article, you will find: Rules and tricks Play and scoring Rules and tricks Two-Handed Pinochle Two-Handed Pinochle is the original version of the game. Each player (but not the bid winner) flips over a 9. Learn the rules and strategies for winning at the card game called Two-Handed Pinochle. Each player is dealt 16 cards, and the bidding begins at 40, 45, or 50.Īfter years of trial and error, Dad and I agreed on a good method for choosing the high bidder's partner: After someone wins the bidding and names trump, four 9s are dealt face down to the center of the table. It uses a double pinochle deck with 9s removed. Growing up in a house full of pinochle players, there were many times we had exactly 5 players - so my family invented this 5-handed game. This is a 5-handed trick-taking card game app that will be easy to learn for all pinochle players. Indicator lights: red for empty, yellow for half and green for full. Half Length Twist Throttle with 24 Volt Power Meter and Maintained On/Off Switch Two black wire connectors and one 4mm bullet connector. Red, black, green,īlue, white, and yellow wires. Includes matching grip set for left and right sides of the handlebar. Half twist throttle with key switch and 0-99.9 Volt red LED digital battery level indicator. Half Length Twist Throttle with Key Switch Red, blue, green,Īnd yellow wires with 2.8mm wide male terminals for white wire connectors. Green, and yellow are for 24 Volt battery pack Voltage status. Three LED indicator lights: red is for power-on, Half Length Twist Throttle with 24 Volt Power Meter Red, black, green, yellow, and white wires with 2.8mm wide male terminals for white wire connectors. Which are one red for power-on, one yellow for battery low, and three green for 36 Volt battery pack status. The indicator has five LED battery indicator lights Includes matching left hand handlebar grip. Twist throttle with 24 Volt battery power indicator and key switch with two keys. Red, blue, green, and yellow wires withĢ.8mm wide male terminals for white wire connectors.įull Length Twist Throttle with 24 Volt Power Meter and Key Switch One yellow for battery low, and three green for 36 Volt battery pack The indicator has five LED battery indicator lights which are one red for power-on, Twist throttle with 24 Volt battery power indicator. Yellow wires with 2.8mm wide male terminals for white wire connectors. The indicator has three LED lights which are MIN (red) for minimum, MID (yellow) for middle, and MAX (green) for maximumīattery pack power level status. Twist throttle with 24V battery power indicator. Full Length Twist Throttle with 24 Volt Power Meter There is also a separate Messenger website if you wanted to have a separate tab for your chats, voice and video calls. On PC, you can access Facebook Messenger through the Facebook website, with pop-out text boxes appearing when messages are sent. Messenger is available for PCs, mobile devices and tablets running Windows, Mac, iOS and Android mobile devices and tablets. The app also drains the battery very quickly if you're using it for even a few different chats. As you chat with more people and use more functions like sharing videos, pictures, and outside articles, the space that the app takes up begins to swell and after prolonged use, the app can sometimes shut down randomly. On an Android, Messenger takes up about 120 MB of storage while running. You can view friends' stories at the top of the app, sending messages and emojis for each clip, and you can add to your own story as well. When you send messages, the color that you select shows up in your friend's chat as well. Now not only can you have text group chats, but you can have group voice and video calls too.Īs for customization, you can change the color of the icons and the text bubbles. Take screenshots in the call that will save to your mobile device or tablet's camera roll. Access the text box while in the call by clicking on the text bubble, mute the microphone by clicking on the mic icon, and you can reverse the camera view from front facing to standard view. You can do a regular voice call and toggle on the camera to turn on the video function. Tapping on the phone icon opens up the call screen. As long as you have internet access you can call a friend. Video chatting and calling are the most popular updates to the messenger. Add more friends and create a group chat so everyone can join in on the fun at the same time. Like a message by tapping the thumbs up, or send emojis, stickers, and GIFs. If you have a Pinterest account you can link it and send pins, or articles from well-known publishers like the Wall Street Journal. There's a voice to text option as well if your friend can't listen to the message out loud. You can share your location for 60 minute increments, play Facebook games, and set reminders.īesides text chatting, you're able to record voice messages and send the recorded message to chats that you're having with other friends. Now, when tapping on the text box, you can add pictures from the camera roll, take pictures directly from the app using your device's camera, add gifs, send money, and have access to a number of different apps that you can use with the person that you're chatting with. In the beginning, when Messenger was just Facebook chat, text chat was the only available way of chatting, and you could send pictures as well. You can chat with other Facebook users that aren't on your friends list as well after accepting access to the message. Video calls, text chats, and multimedia sharing all on one platformįor the casual user, Messenger is a fun way to communicate with your Facebook friends. Nowadays, therapeutic approaches aim to treat acute attacks and to improve symptoms. In particular, B cells’ role in MS is not limited to the antibody production, but a main role is played by their antibody-independent functions, which are the antigen presentation to T cells and the modulation of T and myeloid cell function through the secretion of cytokines. Even if MS was for a long time considered as a T cell-mediated disease, the positive effects exerted by antibodies targeting CD20, highlighted the role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of MS. In addition, in the demyelinated areas, resident microglia and macrophages are also present. T lymphocytes, both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, take part in the pathological process, and in particular MS is triggered by pathogenic T helper (Th) 17, Th1, and CD8+ autoreactive T lymphocytes directed against myelin components. MS is based on an autoimmune mechanism, and specifically the myelin antigens represent the targets. About three million people are affected by MS, and in particular, females are more affected than males. RRMS shows an earlier onset, appearing typically between 20-35 years of age, while PPMS at about 40 years of age. Only a small number of patients has a progressive disease course since the onset, indicating a primary progressive MS (PPMS). After, the development of permanent neurological deficits and the progression of clinical disability become prominent, indicating a secondary progressive MS (SPMS). In the majority of patients, reversible episodes of neurological deficits, indicated as relapses, characterize the initial phases of the disease, that is indicated as relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is indicated as the first clinical manifestation of the disease, showing features of inflammatory demyelination, but the MS criteria are not completely fulfilled. The hallmark of the pathology is the accumulation of demyelinating lesions both in white and grey matters in the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical trials highlighted the safety and feasibility of MSC administration and reported some improvements, but other trials using larger cohorts of patients are needed. Secretome, both conditioned medium and EVs, also showed protective effects in MS models and appeared promising to develop new approaches. Moreover, MSCs engineered to express different genes, preconditioned with different compounds, differentiated or in combination with other compounds also exerted beneficial actions in MS models, in some cases also superior to native MSCs. Experimental models of MS evidenced that MSCs were able to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and disease score. In this review, we focused on studies performed on in vivo MS models involving the administration of MSCs and on clinical trials evaluating MSCs administration. The secretome is represented by growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs. Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appeared promising in different neurodegenerative conditions, thanks to their beneficial capacities, including the immunomodulation ability, and to their secretome. Nowadays, available therapies for MS can help to manage MS course and symptoms, but new therapeutic approaches are required. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. |
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